BY BERT BURNETT

In recent years, discussions about wildlife in Scotland have repeatedly centred on concerns regarding species decline and environmental degradation. However, one notable success story that challenges this often-cynical narrative is the remarkable recovery of the Golden Eagle population in Scotland.

Contrary to the prevailing perception in the Guardian and across the BBC of a “nature-deprived” UK, data suggests that Scotland is home to one of the largest populations of Golden Eagles in the world, making it a prime destination for birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts alike. However it’s of some concern that this success is not being publicly acknowledged by Nature Scot and the Scottish parliament, who despite the obvious rises seem to remain committed to referring only to the very few birds wearing tags that go off radar. It should also be recognised that for every adult bird there are an equal amount of juveniles in the background waiting to take up vacant territories when they reach maturity around the age of four. This equates to a possible population of around 2000 or more birds patrolling our Scottish skies.

According to the latest BTO reports, Scotland boasts a Golden Eagle population that has reached around 508 breeding pairs. Further surveys carried out since then by gamekeepers in and around the CNPA indicate that a further rise in nesting pairs on grouse moors could have pushed the overall total by a further 15%.  This figure reflects a significant recovery over the years, representing a positive trend in population stability. Notably, Scotland is home to all of Britain’s Golden Eagles, which adds to the country’s unique ecological profile. The main reason for increases in and around grouse moor managed areas is the abundance of prey species available as opposed to further West where prey is more scarce, these particular nest sites produce more twins and indeed some nests rearing three to fledging. This productivity success has recently allowed around forty young eagles to be relocated into the controversial Southern Scotland Eagle project in a bid to spread the population further South. Only time will tell if these eagles can find enough food and nesting sites to remain in the area.

There is however some concern as to the continued stability of the eagle populations as more and more of our uplands are being lost to trees being planted for rewilding and carbon capture and the erecting of more and bigger windfarms and associated pylons, this has the distinct possibility that some eagle territories will be adversely affected by reducing safe hunting areas and prey density threatening overall eagle numbers.

When viewed in a European context, Scotland’s success is even more pronounced. Countries such as Norway, Sweden, and Italy, while larger in land mass, have fewer Golden Eagles per square kilometre than Scotland. For instance, Norway has an estimated 1,225 to 1,550 pairs, but its land area is nearly five times that of Scotland. Thus, when adjusted for land mass, Scotland’s Golden Eagle population stands out as one of the highest in Europe.

The Scottish landscape has proven to be conducive to Golden Eagles, with ample prey and vast open spaces that support their nesting and breeding needs. The Index of Abundance for Scottish Terrestrial Breeding Birds from 1994 to 2018 indicated a significant increase in bird populations across the Scottish Uplands, a region where Golden Eagles thrive. This is particularly noteworthy given the ongoing debates surrounding land use and wildlife management in Scotland.

While there have been one or two (not the dozens reported) concerns about persecution faced by these majestic birds, evidence suggests that the overall trajectory of their population is positive.

The rise in Golden Eagles coincides with the stewardship provided by gamekeepers, who manage the land in a way that supports healthy ecosystems. Many of the eagles donated several years ago, when the populations were not so high as today to Ireland for reintroduction projects were also sourced from Scotland’s game estates, highlighting a commitment to conservation efforts.

Critics of game management often point to historical declines in bird populations prior to the introduction of game shooting in the 19th century. However, since that time, the Golden Eagle population has consistently risen, defying the doom-and-gloom narrative prevalent in some environmental discussions.

As Scotland continues to lead in Golden Eagle conservation, it is vital to recognise and celebrate this success story. The country’s stewardship has not only provided sanctuary for these iconic birds but has also established Scotland as an important location for birdwatchers eager to see Golden Eagles in their natural habitat. Scotland’s Golden Eagle population stands as a testament to successful conservation efforts and responsible land management.

Bert Burnett is a retired gamekeeper of more than fifty years experience.